Antibiotics For Chlamydia: Examples

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Examples

How It Works

Antibiotics kill the chlamydia bacteria.

Why It Is Used

Antibiotics are given to:

• People who have positive chlamydia tests.
• Sex partners within the last 60 days of people diagnosed with chlamydia—even if they do not have symptoms.
• Newborns of women who have chlamydia at the time of delivery.

All of these medicines are prescribed for men and for women who are not pregnant. Pregnant women can take only erythromycin, amoxicillin, and azithromycin. Only erythromycin is given to babies.

How Well It Works

Antibiotic treatment, if taken exactly as directed, normally cures chlamydia infections. If antibiotics are not taken properly, the infection will not be cured.

Antibiotic recommendations ¹

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the following:

Azithromycin and doxycycline are both good for treating chlamydia. Some people may not be able to take these medicines but are able to take an alternative. Erythromycin treatments do not work as well as the other recommended antibiotics.

People who are also infected with HIV receive the same medicine as those without HIV.

Antibiotics recommended in pregnant women ¹

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the following:

Erythromycin and amoxicillin are both used to treat chlamydia, though some pregnant women may have fewer side effects with amoxicillin. ²

For pregnant women, testing is recommended 3 weeks after treatment. This is done to prevent complications from an infection that has not been cured. ¹

Side Effects

The most common side effects of these medicines are nausea and vomiting. Taking azithromycin after eating may reduce nausea.

Doxycycline causes less nausea and vomiting but may cause yeast infections in women.

If side effects occur and cannot be controlled, contact your health professional. Other antibiotics may be prescribed that cause fewer side effects.

A large study indicates that people who take erythromycin along with certain common medicines may increase their risk of sudden cardiac death. ³ The study showed that the risk of sudden cardiac death is greater when erythromycin is taken with some medicines that inhibit certain liver enzymes—such as certain calcium channel blockers, certain antifungal medicines, and some antidepressants—than when these medicines are not taken together.

See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug Reference is not available in all systems.)

What To Think About

To be effective, antibiotics need to be taken as directed. If doses are missed or treatment is not completed, the chlamydia infection may not be cured.

The advantage of azithromycin is that it is taken in one dose. Because it is easy to take as prescribed, this medicine may help reduce the risk of spreading chlamydia.

Do not have sex while you are being treated for an STD. People taking a single dose of azithromycin should not have sex for 7 days after treatment.

Call your health professional if symptoms continue or new symptoms develop 3 to 4 weeks after treatment.

Repeated chlamydia infections increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Some health professionals may recommend retesting 3 to 12 months after treatment to reduce the risk of complications from reinfection. ¹

Complete the new medication information form (PDF) (What is a PDF document?) to help you understand this medication.

References

Citations

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006). Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2006. MMWR, 55(RR-11): 38–42.

2. Brocklehurst P, Rooney G (2006). Interventions for treating genital chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3). Oxford: Update Software.

3. Ray WA, et al. (2004). Oral erythromycin and the risk of sudden death from cardiac causes. New England Journal of Medicine, 351(11): 1089–1096.

Credits

Last updated:	January 18, 2007
Author:	Ralph Poore
Reviewed By:	Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine, Jeanne Marrazzo, MD, MPH - Infectious Disease
Editors:	Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA, Pat Truman